Alkynes are useful chemical. They're can be intermediate for other organic chemical's synthesis. They're so many sources of alkynes.
Acetylene was first characterized by the French chemist P. E. M. Berthelot in 1862 and did not command much attention until its large-scale preparation from calcium carbide in the last decade of the nineteenth century stimulated interest in industrial applications. In the first stage of that synthesis, limestone and coke, a material rich in elemental carbon obtained from coal, are heated in an electric furnace to form calcium carbide.
Calcium carbide is the calcium salt of the doubly negative carbide ion. Carbide dianion is strongly basic and reacts with water to form acetylene:
Beginning in the middle of the twentieth century, alternative methods of acetylene production became practical. One of these is based on the dehydrogenation of ethylene.
The reaction is endothermic, and the equilibrium favors ethylene at low temperatures but shifts to favor acetylene above 1150°C. Indeed, at very high temperatures most hydrocarbons, even methane, are converted to acetylene. Acetylene has value not only by itself but is also the starting material from which higher alkynes are prepared. Natural products that contain carbon–carbon triple bonds are numerous. Two examples are tariric acid, from the seed fat of a Guatemalan plant, and cicutoxin, a poisonous substance isolated from water hemlock.
Diacetylene (HC≡C-C≡CH) has been identified as a component of the hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It is also present in the atmospheres of Titan and Triton, satellites of Saturn and Neptune, respectively.
Acetylene was first characterized by the French chemist P. E. M. Berthelot in 1862 and did not command much attention until its large-scale preparation from calcium carbide in the last decade of the nineteenth century stimulated interest in industrial applications. In the first stage of that synthesis, limestone and coke, a material rich in elemental carbon obtained from coal, are heated in an electric furnace to form calcium carbide.
Calcium carbide is the calcium salt of the doubly negative carbide ion. Carbide dianion is strongly basic and reacts with water to form acetylene:
Beginning in the middle of the twentieth century, alternative methods of acetylene production became practical. One of these is based on the dehydrogenation of ethylene.
The reaction is endothermic, and the equilibrium favors ethylene at low temperatures but shifts to favor acetylene above 1150°C. Indeed, at very high temperatures most hydrocarbons, even methane, are converted to acetylene. Acetylene has value not only by itself but is also the starting material from which higher alkynes are prepared. Natural products that contain carbon–carbon triple bonds are numerous. Two examples are tariric acid, from the seed fat of a Guatemalan plant, and cicutoxin, a poisonous substance isolated from water hemlock.
Diacetylene (HC≡C-C≡CH) has been identified as a component of the hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It is also present in the atmospheres of Titan and Triton, satellites of Saturn and Neptune, respectively.
